Authenticity and craftsmanship

Handmade santons are distinguished by the authenticity and craftsmanship that characterize them. Each piece is the result of a meticulous process, from clay modeling to detailed painting, that cannot be reproduced by industrial methods. This craftsmanship gives the santons a soul and identity of their own, with each figurine unique because of the subtle nuances introduced by the craftsman's hand. This commitment to hand-crafted creation ensures not only exceptional quality, but also the preservation of time-honored traditions.

The unique creation process

• Modeling: each santon begins with hand-modeling of the very first model, where the craftsman shapes the clay into a unique figurine.
• Moulding: this unique figurine is used to make a mother mould, which retains the imprint of the santon and is not used for production. From this single mother mold, the santon-maker will make plaster wire molds to produce the santon in quantity. These son molds wear out and are replaced regularly by the santon-maker to preserve the finesse of the initial model's sculpture. So, on the one hand, the santon-maker makes the santons for sale, but on the other hand, he also constantly renews his production tool by making the plaster wire molds used for production.
• Trimming: after modeling, the santon needs a few days of natural drying before it can be worked on again: this involves trimming with a protruding tool, followed by smoothing with a damp brush.
• Firing: The santons are then fired at high temperature (1000°C) for 24 hours to give them their characteristic terracotta solidity.
• Hand-painting: each piece is then hand-painted, offering a wealth of inimitable colors and details. At Maison Fouque, we don't paint “out of the tube”, but create colors from mixtures that every painter is capable of reproducing. That's why FOUQUE santon displays are rich in color variety.

Rich details

• Meticulous details: each santon is marked by carefully crafted details, such as clothing folds, facial expressions, or specific accessories, which can only be achieved through meticulous handwork.
• Concrete examples: for example, the distinctive features of the characters, the finesse of the patterns on the costumes, or the texture of the animals illustrate this wealth of detail. These elements make each santon not only unique, but also carry an artistic dimension that enriches the Christmas crib.

Durability and quality of materials

Handmade santons are distinguished by the use of high-quality materials, carefully selected for their durability. Unlike industrial production, where materials can sometimes be of inferior quality, artisans favor raw materials such as clay, wood or plaster and high-quality paint. These noble materials give the santons extra strength, enabling them to stand the test of time without losing their brilliance. By investing in handmade santons, you not only ensure the longevity of your nativity scene, but also preserve its authenticity and charm over time. These handcrafted pieces are designed to be passed down from generation to generation, embodying a precious and enduring family heritage.Handmade santons offer a unique opportunity for personalization, allowing each nativity scene to reflect the tastes and traditions of those who compose it. Unlike mass-produced santons, which all look alike and provide little emotion, these handcrafted pieces can be adapted to suit your preferences, whether by size, color, or even the addition of specific details that make sense to you.

Support local craftsmanship and preserve tradition

By choosing handmade santons, you're doing more than just decorating your nativity scene; you're supporting local craftsmanship and helping to preserve time-honored traditions. Every purchase is a gesture in favor of the survival of crafts that perpetuate know-how handed down from generation to generation. The artisans who create these santons don't just produce objects; they pass on a part of their culture, their history and their passion. By promoting these creations, you play an active part in preserving a rich and vibrant cultural heritage.

• Choosing handmade santons for your Christmas crib is a way of adding a touch of authenticity, supporting local craftsmanship and perpetuating precious traditions. These handcrafted figurines, rich in detail and history, will transform your nativity scene into a true family heirloom to be passed on. To discover a vast collection of top-quality Santons, designed with passion and craftsmanship since 1934 and 4 generations, visit our Santons Fouque online store www.santons-fouque.fr. Bring your crib to life with unique, handmade pieces, available now.
• Handmade Santons don't just decorate a crib; they tell a personal and unique story. Each figurine, designed according to your choices and inspirations, helps create a nativity scene that reflects your values, traditions and family history, making your Christmas crib truly unique and meaningful.
• The personalization and uniqueness of handmade santons
• By choosing handmade santons, you integrate into your nativity scene elements that reflect a rich cultural heritage and expertise handed down from generation to generation. These santons then become much more than mere decorative objects; they embody history and tradition, bringing a deep, authentic dimension to your Christmas celebration.

Why is it important to look after your santons?

Sentimental and cultural value

Crib figures are more than just decorative figurines; they embody a tradition deeply rooted in Provencal culture. Each santon tells a story, not only of the craftsmen who make them by hand, but also of the characters they represent, taken from everyday life in the past. For many families, santons are much more than an ornament: they are a tangible link with the past, recalling childhood Christmases and moments shared around the crib.

Passing on these santons from generation to generation reinforces their value. By caring for your santons, you're not only making a gesture of material preservation, you're also protecting a family heritage. Keeping these objects in good condition allows you to perpetuate a tradition, evoke memories and, in turn, pass on a meaningful cultural heritage to your children and grandchildren. This maintenance, which may seem trivial, takes on an essential emotional and symbolic dimension.

Preserving the quality of materials

Santons are generally made from clay, a material that is both robust and fragile. Once molded, they are fired and then hand-painted, giving them their unique charm. However, these materials require special care to avoid premature deterioration. Without careful storage and packaging, the santon can deteriorate by cracking (if they are knocked together, for example), the paint can scratch (if they are not packed separately and touch each other), and they can lose their shine by covering themselves in dust or mildew if they are not stored in a dry place, masking their delicate details.

As a result, the risks of deterioration are numerous. Exposure to humidity can weaken paint, while too much light can dull colors. By taking the time to properly care for your santons, you'll preserve not only their beauty, but also their integrity, prolonging their lifespan so that they continue to embellish your cribs for years to come, and even be passed down through several generations.

How do you clean your santons effectively?

Regular cleaning

To preserve the beauty and longevity of your santons, regular cleaning is essential. Santons, exposed to the open air for several weeks during the Christmas season, inevitably accumulate dust. For gentle dusting, we recommend using a soft-bristle brush. This allows you to reach the smallest nooks and crannies without damaging the paint or fine details of the figurines. Alternatively, a slightly dampened microfiber cloth can be used to revive dark colors, provided it is handled with care to avoid excessive rubbing.

As for the frequency of cleaning, it's advisable to do it at least twice a year: before placing the Santons in the crib, to present them in their best light, and after the festivities, before putting them away, to remove any accumulated dust. This simple but regular gesture will help preserve their brilliance and prevent the build-up of dirt that could become embedded over time.

Treating stains and dirt

Occasionally, your figurines may have stubborn stains or soiling that require special treatment. In such cases, it's vital to avoid abrasive and unnatural products. Aggressive detergents and solvents should be avoided, as they can degrade the colors or corrode the clay. It's better to use a damp cloth, but this advice only applies to santons painted in acrylic (as is the case at Maison Fouque). Make sure you're not using gouache paint, or test a small area beforehand.

To deal with small stains, using a soft white eraser is a safe and effective method. It removes marks without damaging the surface of the santon. If a more persistent stain persists, a slightly damp cotton bud can be used with care, taking care not to over-wet the surface. Apply the cotton swab in small, gentle strokes to avoid spreading the stain or damaging the paint.

Special cases

Old or damaged santons require special care when cleaning. Originally, santons were unfired, so before cleaning them with water, make sure they are made of fired clay. Because of their increased fragility, it's best not to attempt to clean them yourself if you're unsure of the methods to use. In these situations, calling in a professional restorer is the best option. These experts have the skills and products to restore your santons while respecting their original material and paintwork. In some cases, they can also repair them, restoring your figurines to their former glory while preserving their integrity for future generations.

Year-round preservation of santons

Proper storage

After the Christmas festivities, when the crib is dismantled, it's essential to store your santons properly to protect them throughout the year. The choice of storage location is crucial to prevent any deterioration. Santons should be stored in a place with a stable temperature, ideally room temperature, and low humidity. Variations in temperature or excessive humidity can alter the paintwork.

When storing, each santon should be carefully wrapped in its own individual wrapping to prevent rubbing and direct contact with other objects, which could cause scratches or splinters. We recommend using tissue paper or non-abrasive cloth to wrap each figurine individually. Next, place the figures in a rigid cardboard box, preferably compartmentalized, to keep them safe and prevent them from colliding. This type of packaging offers optimum protection against shocks and vibrations.

Protection against environmental factors

To preserve the brilliance and integrity of your figurines, it's also important to protect them from environmental factors. Direct exposure to sunlight should be avoided, even when stored. UV rays can cause paint to fade over time, dulling the appearance of your figurines. That's why we recommend storing boxes in a dark place, away from light.

Humidity is another major hazard for clay figurines. Excessive humidity can lead to the appearance of mold, which can irrevocably alter the santon. To prevent this risk, adding desiccant bags around the storage boxes is a simple and effective solution. These sachets absorb excess moisture, maintaining a dry environment around your santons. Be sure to check the condition of the sachets regularly, and replace them if necessary.

Repairing damaged santons

Despite all the precautions we take, it can happen that some santons crack or their paint peels over time. It is possible to repair such damage, but care must be taken to avoid aggravating the situation. For small cracks, the use of specific two-component ceramic glues is recommended. Apply the glue with a toothpick, a fine wooden spatula or a fine paintbrush to precisely control the quantity, then hold the cracked parts in place until the glue dries completely.

Touching up paintwork requires special attention. If you wish to restore the color of your santons, it's important to choose paints that are compatible with the original ones, ideally water-based paints. If you have no restoration experience, it's best to consult a professional who can advise you on how to harmonize colors expertly, while respecting the style and aesthetics of the figurines.

By following this advice, your santons will remain in good condition year after year, ready to embellish your nativity scene every Christmas and last for generations.

Tips for buying durable santons

Quality criteria to consider

When investing in santons, it's essential to pay attention to the quality of the materials and the authenticity of the workmanship. The best santons are generally made from baked clay, a traditional material that offers superior durability and authentic aesthetic appeal. Fired clay has the advantage of being both robust after firing and sufficiently malleable during manufacture to allow fine detailing, essential for the figurines' expressions and features.

As far as paint is concerned, water-based paints such as gouache do not last over time, due to handling or when the figures are placed in damp foam. The paint dilutes and stays on your fingers over the medium term. Although santons were originally unfired and painted with water-based paints, acrylic paints are more suitable today for santons that will last for generations. It will nevertheless develop a patina and age beautifully.

What's more, it's important to support local artisans, especially traditional santon makers. Buying santons made by artisans in Provence guarantees not only the authenticity of the product, but also the preservation of know-how handed down for centuries. These craftsmen put all their talent and expertise into each piece, resulting in high-quality santons that carry a strong history and cultural identity. By buying locally and wisely, you contribute to the continuity of this tradition, and to the survival of small, often family-run, workshops.

To be sure that a company is not relocating part of its production, don't hesitate to visit the factory to see its workshop and behind-the-scenes facilities, or refer to the government labels or distinctions it holds, such as MOF (Meilleur Ouvrier de France), EPV (Entreprise du Patrimoine Vivant), Maître Artisan, Artisan d'Art.

Preventive maintenance right from the start

Before exhibiting for the first time, it may also be useful to perform a light cleaning to remove any dust or packaging residue. A soft cloth will do the job.

This care from the outset is an investment in preserving your santons in their original condition, enabling them to remain beautiful and intact for many years to come. By taking these precautions, you not only ensure the protection of your purchase, but also prolong the life of these precious objects, guarantors of a rich and living tradition.

Maintaining and preserving your crib figures is much more than a simple maintenance task: it's a gesture of respect for a centuries-old tradition and family heritage. By caring for these precious figurines, you prolong their life and brilliance, enabling these witnesses to Provencal culture to continue embellishing your cribs year after year.

From appropriate cleaning methods to ideal storage conditions, every step helps preserve the integrity of your santons. What's more, by choosing quality pieces and supporting local craftsmen, you're actively participating in the perpetuation of ancestral know-how. Whether you want to pass these objects on to future generations, or simply enjoy their beauty and symbolism every Christmas, careful maintenance is the key to keeping your santons in perfect condition.

So, by following these tips, you'll ensure that your santons continue to carry with them all the magic and tradition of Christmas, for many years to come.

What exactly is a santon?

A santon is a small, handmade clay figurine. They decorate Christmas cribs. The figures usually represent the Holy Family, but also traditional trades, such as vegetable sellers, bakers, shepherds or other personalities from everyday village life. And they're quite small, generally between 2 and 15 centimetres high. 

Santons: a recent history?

Well, not really. They've been around in various forms for hundreds of years, but it was in the late 18th century that they first took on their clay form, thanks to Marseille artist Jean-Louis Lagnel. He is generally credited with inventing the santon as we know it today, although it wasn't until after his death in 1822 that they came to be known as “santons”. Indeed, in Lagnel's day, figurines were not yet baked during the production process, and therefore did not last as long as they do today.

The end of the 18th century? It smells like the French Revolution!

Indeed, good point. After the French Revolution, Christmas cribs were banned and churches closed. Making these little saints was therefore a way of secretly maintaining religious traditions, at the risk of being guillotined, of course.  The word Santon comes from the Provençal “santoun” and translates literally as “little saint”, but the emphasis is just as much on the other village characters, as well as on Mary, Joseph and baby Jesus. These cribs are meant to represent the ideal Provencal village, showing the daily life of its inhabitants.

How is a santon made?

With a lot of patience! Each stage in the making of a santon is carried out in accordance with a Charter of respect for traditional manufacturing techniques. It's respect for these techniques and traditions that has earned santon makers their status as métiers d'Art! The santon craftsman sculpts the figurine in clay. He then casts it in plaster in two parts, and makes several other figurines from the plaster form. The santons are then dried, baked and hand-painted, usually in very bright colors. Santon-makers often go to great lengths to create the nativity scene, building buildings, using local products for trees and plants, and dressing the figurines. Each creation requires thought and time. Costumes, trades, architecture, Provencal traditions and even the faces of the santons... everything is researched and thought through, revealing the santonnier's unique expertise. From carving to painting, the santon is shaped, worked and sublimated by the santonnier, before being brought to life in lifelike scenes in the Christmas cribs.

Where to find santons?

In Christmas cribs all over France, but especially in the south, where they originate from Provence. Santon fairs abound in December in the towns and villages of southern France. The town of Aix-en-Provence holds its own santon fair, created by Paul Fouque in 1934. It's the famous Foire aux Santons, where you'll find exhibits by local santon makers.

And if you don't want to wait for the Foire aux Santons? You can always find santons from the most traditional to the most original on our website.

Santons Fouque is the fruit of four generations of santon makers. Know-how handed down from one generation to the next to create unique, iconic santons like the famous “Coup de Mistral ©”, recognized by collectors as a masterpiece of santon art!

Step 1: Creating the model

First, the santon-maker will sculpt the character he wants to make from a small block of clay, using precise tools such as a scalpel. He works the clay until he has a model that suits him. This model is then used to make the plaster mold.

Step 2: Building the formwork

The craftsman then creates a formwork. This is a small wooden box slightly larger than the model, so that it can fit inside. Before placing the santon inside, the craftsman first lays a bed of clay. Then, he places the statuette on top, half encasing it. Now it's time to pour in the plaster. The mixture is then left to harden, before being removed to obtain part of the santon mold. He repeats the operation on the other side of the santon to obtain the complete mold.

Stage 3: Moulding

With the mold obtained, the santon-maker can now create his santon by moving on to molding. This stage is also known as stamping. The craftsman slides a block of clay into the first part of the mold and closes it with the second part. Enough pressure must be exerted to force the clay into every hollow in the mold. Otherwise, he won't have the details he's carefully drawn on his model. He stamps his name on the base of the figurine.

Step 4: Demoulding

This is when the santon-maker removes the clay from the mold to obtain a faithful sculpture of his model. He then removes the santon from the mold using an iron pick. This tool will also enable him to create a chimney. The chimney will evaporate the air more efficiently during firing, preventing the clay from exploding in the kiln!

Step 5: Finishing touches

Before adding the finishing touches, the santon maker trims the santon. This means removing any excess clay, while taking care to preserve the details and characteristics of the santon. After this stage, he will accentuate or even add details such as accessories for the character he is creating.

Step 6: Smoothing

The santon is then left to dry. This takes an average of two weeks! Yes, you have to be very patient to create santons. During the drying process, the santon will shrink slightly. Experienced craftsmen will need to anticipate this reaction to avoid ending up with a santon that's much smaller than expected. Now it's time for smoothing, the last step before firing. Smoothing involves passing a small sponge over the santon to remove dust, dirt and any excess clay or fingerprints.

Step 7: Cooking

The santons are then placed in the oven for baking. They remain in the oven for 36 hours, reaching 1000 degrees. The oven is left to cool for a full day, with the santons still inside, before being opened at around 60°.

Step 8: Painting

This is the most meticulous and time-consuming stage. Santons are hand-painted with gouache. This is traditional. The santon-maker applies the paint color by color. It's a long and delicate operation. The making of a santon is truly a long-term process. It requires a great deal of patience, skill and attention to detail. Painting is the final stage. All you have to do is wait for the santon to dry, and it's ready for Christmas!

The making of santons in pictures :

https://www.santons-fouque.fr/fr/gallery/fabrication-etape-par-etape.html

For those of you who have spent time in the South of France, and more particularly in Provence, during the Christmas season, you've certainly noticed the festive atmosphere that reigns everywhere, whether in the streets, in private homes or in churches. Perhaps you've also been unsettled by certain traditions, or been dubious about certain figures in the nativity scene that you didn't know before? All this will soon become clear to you thanks to our explanations.

The crib in Provence

At Christmas, and especially in Christian households, the nativity scene is an essential part of the celebration. Just like the Christmas tree, there are so many different kinds! Depending on individual taste and level of creativity, you can choose from simple ready-made creations or monumental do-it-yourself creations. Whatever you choose, you'll always find the main characters of the Nativity: Mary, Joseph, Jesus, the ox and the donkey. In Provence, the composition of the nativity scene is a little more complete. Of Provençal origin, the santon is of great importance here, and there's no question of forgetting it. Traditionally made from clay, they generally represent the inhabitants of the village, bringing life to the nativity scene. There are santons representing bakers, shepherds, doctors and grooms. Some have names that only the Provençals know, such as the ravi, symbolizing the “village idiot” who has little to his name but nevertheless spreads joy and good cheer to those around him. The Pistachier is also almost unknown outside Provence, and represents the farmhand. Even today, the tradition of handcrafted santons is perpetuated from generation to generation in Provence.

Christmas Eve dinner and 13 desserts

On the evening of the 24th, guests invited to a Provencal table need to have an appetite! After all, it's a hearty meal crowned by the traditional 13 desserts. For this meal like no other, nothing is left to chance, and every detail takes on special importance. It all starts with the setting of the table. It must be covered with not one but three white tablecloths. The number three has a very special symbolism, representing the three persons of the Holy Trinity. In the same vein, there are 3 white candlesticks and 3 saucers of sprouted wheat for Saint Barbara's Day (December 4). The supper consists of 7 lean dishes in honor of the 7 sorrows of the Virgin Mary. These 7 dishes are accompanied by 13 loaves of bread, followed by 13 desserts symbolizing the Last Supper, when Jesus was surrounded by his 12 disciples. As a digestive break from the 7 courses, the 13 desserts are only eaten after mass. They include mendiants, dates, nougats, fougasse with olive oil, candied fruit, oreillettes and fresh fruit.

Decorating a handcrafted nativity scene

The first step is to consider the space you can offer your handcrafted Christmas crib. If there's no shortage of space, you'll decorate the floors to create the hills surrounding the main scene. You can also decorate the different floors with houses and buildings, such as the bastidon, the fisherman's cottage or the Cassis lighthouse. You can also include key Provençal backdrops such as a boule court, the cabanon de Bibémus, the Provençal bar or Sainte Victoire. The possibilities are endless: a handcrafted Christmas crib is shaped year after year, with each family member adding his or her own “stone” to the edifice.

A handcrafted Christmas crib reflects the personality of the person who created it: jovial, strict, religious, minimalist... It's up to you to make your choice, according to your desires.

The main scene of a handcrafted nativity scene

If you don't have a lot of space, the main scene can be the only decorative elements to be integrated into your Christmas crib. This is, of course, the stable where the characters will be placed. The cowshed can be built with a pitched or gable roof. It can stand alone or be attached to a building. It can have an interior wall decorated in paint or roughcast, again the choice is yours. To accentuate the surroundings, you can add small elements such as wells, bridges, cypresses, barrels, a wheelbarrow, a cart or a fountain. Hanging elements, such as the shepherd's star, can also add a lot of cachet to a handcrafted Christmas crib.

Character positioning

The main figures should be placed in the center of the crib: the Three Wise Men, Jesus, Mary, Joseph, the donkey and the ox. For Jesus, the santon should only be placed on the evening of December 24. Tradition also dictates that the Virgin Mary be placed next to the donkey, and Joseph next to the ox. The Three Wise Men will be placed away from the stable on the first day of installation, and moved over the days to find themselves in front of the stable on December 24.

For other characters, such as the farmers and their animals, the bug lady and the baker, you can place them further away from the barn, close to their buildings, near the scenery surrounding the main scene.

When to remove the handcrafted Christmas crib?

There is no set rule. Some prefer to wait until the third Sunday after Christmas, the date of Christ's baptism. Still others will keep the crib set up 40 days after Jesus' birth. Finally, purists will tell you that you should never go beyond the day of Jesus' presentation in the Temple, February 2, the day of Candlemas. In the end, it's up to you to decide when to remove your handcrafted nativity scene.

The Provencal crib is made up of three essential elements: the crib, the santons and the decorations.

The crib is the basis of the Provencal nativity scene. It's often made of wood or cardboard, and can come in different sizes depending on your preferences and the space available in your home. Traditionally, the crib is shaped like a grotto, recalling the birth of Jesus in a stable.

Santons are the essential characters of the Provencal crib. They represent the various characters in the nativity scene, such as Jesus, Mary, Joseph, the Magi, shepherds, animals and more. Santons are made of clay and hand-painted. They come in different sizes and styles, depending on the region and period.

Decorations are also very important for creating an authentic atmosphere. They represent nature and everyday life in Provence. You'll find stone houses, windmills, trees, animals, furniture, baskets, wheelbarrows, traditional musical instruments and more.

In the following section, we'll give you some advice on choosing the santons for your Provencal nativity scene.

How to choose the santons for your Provencal crib

Choosing the right santons is an important part of creating a successful Provencal crib. Here are a few tips to help you choose the santons best suited to your crib:

• The different types of santons: There are different types of santons to represent the different characters in the nativity scene and everyday life in Provence. There are crib figures, animal figures, trade figures, historical figures and more. It's important to think carefully about the characters you want to include in your crib before making your choice.
• Santon size: The size of the santons is also an important consideration. In general, santons are available in a range of sizes, from a few centimeters (2 cm) up to over 30 centimeters. It's important to choose a size that suits the size of your crib and the scale of the different characters, bearing in mind that perspective can be created by putting the larger ones in front and the smaller ones progressively behind. The most common sizes are 13, 9, 6/7 and 4 cm.
• Santon brands: In Provence, there are over 100 brands of santons, each with its own style and history. Santons Fouque is one of the oldest and best-known, with the particularity of always having a member of the FOUQUE family, now Emmanuel FOUQUE, as modeler, guaranteeing authentic style and 100% local Provencal manufacture. It's important to choose a quality brand to guarantee the durability, authenticity and emotion of your santons.

By following these tips, you should be able to choose the santons best suited to your Provencal crib. In the next section, we'll give you some tips on how to create the atmosphere of Provence in your crib.

How to create the atmosphere of Provence in your crib

To create a successful Provencal crib, it's important to recreate the atmosphere of Provence in your décor. Here are a few tips to help you create an authentic atmosphere:

• Decorative elements: To recreate the atmosphere of Provence, it's important to add decorative elements that recall nature and daily life in Provence. You can add stone houses, windmills, trees, animals and more. Decorative elements made of wood or clay are particularly well-suited to creating an authentic atmosphere.
• Accessories: Accessories are also very important for adding detail to your crib and creating a personalized atmosphere. You can add furniture, baskets, wheelbarrows, traditional musical instruments and so on. Fabric accessories, such as tablecloths and curtains, can also add a touch of authenticity to your crib.
• Tips for adding a personal touch to your Provencal crib: To personalize your Provencal crib, you can add elements that are dear to you. For example, you can add characters that represent your family or friends, or objects that recall your memories of vacations in Provence. Don't hesitate to be creative and give your crib a personal touch.

By following these tips, you should be able to create an authentic atmosphere in your Provencal crib. In the next section, we'll give you some tips on how to set up your Provençal crib.

How to set up your Provençal crib

Once you've chosen your santons and decorations, it's time to install your Provencal crib. Here are a few tips to help you set up your crib:

• The ideal location for your crib: It's important to choose a suitable location for your Provencal crib. If you want to place it indoors, choose a visible, easily accessible spot so that your guests can admire it. If you want to place it outside, make sure it's protected from the elements and animals.
• How to create a decor in harmony with your crib? To create a setting in harmony with your crib, you can add decorative elements reminiscent of Provence, such as olive branches, thyme or rosemary, candles, flowers and so on. It's important to choose elements that harmonize with the colors of your crib and don't overpower it.
• Tips for securing your santons and decorations: To fix your santons and decorations securely, you can use wire or fixing paste. It's important not to damage your santons by fixing them too firmly. If you have clay santons, avoid exposing them to extreme temperatures or humidity, as this could damage them.

By following these tips, you should be able to install your Provençal crib successfully. Don't forget that the Provençal crib is an important tradition in Provence, and that it can be customized to suit your tastes and desires. Take this opportunity to add a personal touch to your crib and create a warm, festive atmosphere in your home.

The Provençal crib is an important tradition in Provence, and can be a source of pleasure and inspiration for decorating enthusiasts and santon collectors alike. We hope this article has given you some useful tips for creating your own Provençal crib, choosing the santons and decorations that best suit your style and desires.

If you're looking for quality santons, we recommend you visit our online boutique www.santons-fouque.fr, which offers a wide selection of handmade clay santons in the purest Provencal tradition. Santons Fouque creations are renowned for their exceptional quality, beauty and durability. Maison Fouque offers one of the widest collections of santons, ranging from 2 cm to 50 cm, with the larger sizes intended more for interior decoration than for large-scale nativity scenes. In sizes from 2 to 13 cm, you're sure to find the santons best suited to your crib, as well as decoration ideas to create an authentic, festive atmosphere in your home. Happy Christmas!

We invite you to discover the superior quality, finesse and authenticity of Santons Fouque, as well as their importance in the culture and art of Provence. The history of Santons de Provence The tradition of Santons de Provence dates back to the 18th century, when churches no longer wanted to use life-size nativity scenes. Santons were created to replace the life-size figures in the crib. Over time, santons became artworks in their own right, depicting scenes from Provencal daily life and biblical characters. Santons have thus acquired a central place in Provençal culture, symbolizing the spirit of Christmas and the richness of the Provençal heritage. Today, santon-making is a recognized craft tradition, attracting thousands of visitors every year to Provence's santon workshops and boutiques. Santons Fouque

Santons Fouque is a famous Provencal family business that has been perpetuating the artisanal tradition of creating santons de Provence for 4 generations. The santons are characterized by their superior quality, their fine modeling and painting, and their authenticity, making them particularly popular with collectors and santon enthusiasts.

Among the santons offered by Santons Fouque, the santon “Le Coup de Mistral” © registered design created in 1952 and exclusive to Maison Fouque is particularly noteworthy. This unique piece depicts a shepherd wrapped in his cloak, advancing against the strong Mistral while protecting his sheep from this famous Provencal wind. The shepherd's face is imbued with serenity and resilience, making it a highly expressive and moving piece.

“Le Coup de Mistral” © is a collector's santon, crafted with the greatest care in clay requiring several molds and consequently the assembly of several parts before firing to give it its unrivalled volume and movement. This piece is the fruit of the meticulous work of the master santon-maker, who sculpted the very first model from a block of clay, capturing the essence of Provencal pastoral life in this unique creation.

By adding “Le Coup de Mistral” © to your collection of santons de Provence, you acquire a precious piece that bears witness to the richness of Provençal culture and the art of santon creation. This masterpiece has revolutionized the art of santon making, giving it movement where previously santons were straight, fixed and often the bearer of offerings. It's a remarkable technical feat. This santon is also a great way to add a touch of poetry and emotion to your Christmas crib, because symbolically, it simply translates the stages of life: when the going gets tough, the tough get going, the tough get going. The quality of its manufacture and the beautiful message it delivers give your crib its full meaning, while perpetuating an age-old tradition that continues to fascinate lovers of Provence and its heritage.

Traditional santons

Traditional santons depict nativity figures such as the Holy Family, the Magi, the shepherds and their flocks, the donkey and the ox. Each santon is sculpted and painted by hand, with an attention to detail and authenticity that make it an original and almost unique piece.

Traditional santons include

• Peasant couples
• Shepherds and their flocks
• The Holy Family
• The Three Wise Men
• Santons from the Pastorale, a Provencal play featuring typical characters such as Margarido, Jourdan, Roustide, Bartoumiou, the blind man and his son, the Boumian, the ravi.....

Everyday santons

Everyday life santons represent the various trades and activities of daily life in Provence. These santons include :

• The baker: depicted with his breadsticks and apron, the baker is an emblematic figure of Provence, symbolizing the richness of Provencal gastronomy.
• The fisherman: depicted with his straw hat and fishing rod, the fisherman is a typical Côte d'Azur character, evoking the peaceful, sunny atmosphere of Provencal fishing harbors.
• The shepherd: depicted with his staff and hat, the shepherd is a character who evokes pastoral life and the vast expanses of Provence, where flocks of sheep graze freely.
• The olive picker: portrayed with his crates of olives and his straw hat, the olive merchant is an emblematic figure of Provencal markets, testifying to the richness of local agriculture and produce.

Criteria for choosing the most beautiful santons de Provence Choosing santons de Provence can sometimes be difficult, given the variety of models and styles on offer. To choose the most beautiful santons de Provence, it's advisable to take several criteria into account, such as :

• Quality of manufacture: quality santons de Provence must be made of clay, and must be hand-sculpted and hand-painted 100% in Provence, with attention to detail and authenticity. The mark appears on the underside of the stamped santon base before firing.
• Expressiveness and finesse: santons de Provence must be expressive and represent the characters realistically. The finesse of faces and eyes is a guarantee of quality.
• Originality: santons de Provence must also be original, offering unique and different models, often with accessories made of noble or natural materials.
• Variety: santons de Provence must offer a wide variety of models, sizes and styles, to suit everyone's tastes and preferences.

Maison Fouque is renowned for its distinctive style: each generation has brought its own personal touch, adding to the quality of the santon. Fouque Santons are characterized by finer, more expressive faces, movement, drapery and numerous painted motifs. The colors are the result of elaborate blends in the workshop, rather than raw colors from the tube used on different models. This is why the Santons Fouque displays at the various sales outlets are so colorful, rather than uniform or pastel. Particular care is given to each model in all collections from 2 to 50 cm.

The santons de Provence are remarkable works of art that testify to the richness and diversity of Provencal culture. Maison Fouque santons have been perpetuating this family tradition with passion and authenticity since 1934, offering unique pieces made with passion. By adding Santons Fouque santons to your Christmas crib, you'll add an authentic, traditional touch to your decor, while perpetuating an ancient and fascinating tradition. Don't hesitate to visit the Santons Fouque online store to discover the most beautiful santons from Provence, or come directly to the workshop and discover the behind-the-scenes production of the little santons from Provence.

There are two traditional animals that cannot be ignored in a Christmas crib: the donkey and the ox. These animals are present in most nativity scenes and have strong symbolic meaning.

• The donkey: a symbol of humility, simplicity and strength, the donkey is often depicted in the Christmas crib, as it participated in the birth of Jesus by carrying Mary on the journey to Bethlehem.
• The ox: a symbol of peace, stability and prosperity, the ox is also present in the Christmas crib because it warmed Jesus and symbolizes God's presence in the world.

These two traditional animals are key elements of the Christmas crib, and are frequently depicted near the grotto or stable where the Holy Family is found.

Other Christmas crib animals

In addition to the traditional animals, there are other animals that can be included in your Christmas crib to add variety and richness to the scene. Here are a few examples of other animals you can include:

• • Sheep: a symbol of tenderness, gentleness and innocence, sheep are often depicted in the Christmas crib as a representation of the fragility of the newborn Jesus.
  • Birds: a symbol of freedom and peace, birds can be included in the Christmas crib to represent harmony and serenity.
  • Cats and dogs: although less common, cats and dogs can also be included in the Christmas crib to add a more familiar, domestic element.
• These animals can be placed close to the grotto or stable where Mary, Joseph and Jesus are, or scattered around the scene to create a richer, more varied atmosphere.

How to arrange the animals in the crib

• Once you've chosen the animals you'd like to include in your Christmas crib, it's important to know how to arrange them to create a harmonious, balanced scene. Here are a few tips for arranging animals in your Christmas crib:Animals can add an extra dimension to the nativity scene and create a more realistic, authentic atmosphere.
  • Place the traditional animals, the donkey and the ox, close to the grotto or stable where the Holy Family is to be found. These are the most important animals in a Christmas crib, and should be given pride of place.
  • The other animals can be arranged to frame the central scene and add depth. Sheep can be placed close to the grotto or stable, or on the path with the shepherd on his way to the nativity scene, while birds can be placed in the air, suspended to symbolize freedom.
  • Camels and dromedaries accompany the Magi as they arrive from the East to make their offerings to the newborn child.
  • If you've chosen to include cats or dogs in your Christmas crib, you can place them near the stable or accompanying the various figures in the crib.

Christmas crib animals as decorative accessories

Christmas crib animals not only add symbolic elements to the scene, but can also be used as decorative accessories to create a more festive atmosphere. Here are a few ideas for using Christmas crib animals as decorative props:

• Use animal figurines to create Christmas centerpieces or window decorations.
• Use other farm animals (cows, chickens, roosters, pigs, geese and other poultry) or wild animals (owls, magpies, hedgehogs, wolves, foxes etc.) to create a lively decor.

Animals can be combined with other traditional Christmas elements, such as fir garlands and Christmas lights, to create an authentic and elegant Christmas decoration.

• By choosing the right animals and arranging them strategically, you can create a traditional, authentic Christmas crib that your whole family will love. Don't forget that the finest santons from Provence are available from our online boutique, Santons Fouque. With our wide choice of santons, you'll be able to complete your nativity scene with quality characters and animals, in keeping with Provencal tradition. Merry Christmas to all!

Nativity scene essentials

To create a traditional, authentic Christmas crib, it's important to know what elements are essential. There are 3 sets to stage:

• The Holy Family: Mary, Joseph and baby Jesus represent Jesus' family at the time of his birth. They are the central characters in the Christmas crib.
• The crib animals: the donkey and the ox are often represented in Christmas cribs, as they participated in Jesus' birth by offering him their warmth.
• Angels: those who announce the birth of Jesus to the shepherds are also represented in Christmas cribs. They symbolize the good news of Jesus' birth for the whole world.

These three elements are the basis of the Christmas crib, and are essential for recreating the scene of Jesus' birth. By including these elements in your Christmas crib, you respect tradition and create a warm and friendly atmosphere around this tradition.

Secondary characters in the nativity scene

In addition to the essential elements, there are secondary characters who can be included in your Christmas crib to make it even more complete.

• The Three Wise Men: Gaspard, Melchior and Balthazar, who have traveled from afar to bring gifts to the newborn child. They symbolize the world's recognition of Jesus' birth.
• The shepherds: the first witnesses to Jesus' birth. They symbolize humility and simplicity.

These secondary figures can be placed around the crib or outside, moving towards it. By adding these figures to your crib, you create a more complete and symbolically rich scene.

Decorative elements for your nativity scene

You can add decorative elements to enhance and enrich your nativity scene.

• The grotto or stable: home to the Holy Family, an important element of the Christmas crib.
• The star: guiding the Magi to the birthplace of Jesus, is another important element. It can be hung above the crib to symbolize light and hope.
• Landscape: mountains, trees, waterways, etc., can also be included in the Christmas crib to create a more realistic and authentic atmosphere.

By adding these elements to your Christmas crib, you create a warmer, more convivial atmosphere around this tradition.

How to arrange the elements in the crib

Once you have all the elements for your Christmas crib, it's important to know how to arrange them to create a pretty, balanced scene.

• Arrange the Holy Family in the center of the crib, in the grotto or in a stable. This is the central element of the nativity scene, and should be emphasized.
• Place the crib animals around the Holy Family to create a realistic scene. The donkey and ox can be placed near the grotto or stable, with the ox usually behind Joseph.
• The angels can be placed in the air, above the manger, to symbolize the blessing of Jesus' birth.
• The Magi and shepherds can be placed outside the crib, heading towards it. This gives an idea of the scale of the event.

Add personal elements to your nativity scene

Finally, to personalize your Christmas crib and give it a personal touch, you can add elements that have special meaning for you or your family. Here are a few ideas:

• Add family photos or small objects that represent family members to the crib scene.
• Add natural elements such as fir branches, pine cones or holly leaves to create a warmer, more authentic atmosphere.
• Expand the nativity scene with the creation of a village, add characters - in short, be original.

By adding your own personal elements, you can create a unique nativity scene that has a special meaning for you and your family. It adds a personal dimension to this tradition and can create unforgettable memories for years to come. Every child in the family has his or her own sheep, which they can gradually advance towards the nativity every day in December....only if they're very good! Add santons that resemble members of your family or close friends, or according to events or occupations, and your nativity scene will reflect your history and be handed down from generation to generation. You can also mark under the base of your santons who gave them to you, on what date or occasion.... so that when you set up your crib each year, you remember those good moments that make up a life and build your personal history. By following these practical tips, you can create a traditional, authentic Christmas crib that your whole family will love. And to find the perfect santons for your nativity scene, you've come to the right place! Treat yourself to authentic, high-quality santons to enhance your Christmas crib and give it an even more magical dimension. With our wide choice of 100% Provencal handmade santons in Aix-en-Provence, you'll be able to complete your nativity scene with quality characters and respect the Provencal tradition. Merry Christmas to all!

What is a Christmas crib?

The Christmas crib is a representation of the nativity of Jesus. It is often set up in churches and homes during the Christmas season. The nativity scene is made up of a number of elements, including a crib, figurines called santons and decorative elements. The origins of the Christmas crib go back several centuries. It is said to have been created in Italy in the 13th century by St. Francis of Assisi, who wanted to celebrate the birth of Jesus in a more visual and accessible way. The Christmas crib quickly became a great success and spread throughout Europe. Over the centuries, the Christmas crib has evolved and adapted to different cultures and traditions. Today, the Christmas crib is an important tradition in many parts of the world, including Europe, Latin America and Africa. The Christmas crib is also charged with symbolism and religious significance. It recalls the birth of Jesus in a stable in Bethlehem, surrounded by Mary, Joseph, shepherds, magi and animals. The Christmas crib is therefore an important element in the celebration of the nativity and the spirituality of Christmas.

When is the Christmas crib made?

There's no precise date for putting up the Christmas crib, but it's usually done during the Advent period, which begins four Sundays before Christmas. In some countries, the crib is set up on Saint Lucy's Day, December 13. In others, it is set up on Saint Barbara's Day, December 4.

• In France, the Christmas crib is traditionally set up on Saint Catherine's Day, November 25. However, many people prefer to put it up later, around mid-December, to prolong the Christmas spirit until Epiphany, on January 6.
• In Provence, the Christmas crib is set up for Saint Barbara's Day on December 4 and put away for Candlemas in February.

The nativity scene is also an important part of Christmas Masses. In churches, it is often set up a few days before Christmas and remains in place until Epiphany. Nativity celebrations are often accompanied by carols and prayers. In short, the Christmas crib can be set up at different times depending on country, region and culture, but is generally installed during Advent or around mid-December.

How to create a successful nativity scene

To create a successful Christmas crib, it's important to choose the elements that best suit your style and desires. Here are a few tips to help you create a successful nativity scene:

• The basic elements of a successful crib: The crib is the central element of the Christmas crib. It represents the stable where Jesus was born. It's important to choose a crib that suits the size of your space and the scale of the other elements in your nativity scene. Santons are also an important element of the Christmas crib. They represent the characters of the nativity, such as Mary, Joseph, Jesus, the shepherds and the Magi. It's important to choose quality santons, made of clay rather than resin or plaster, and painted with durable paints such as acrylic or oil. Quality can also be seen in the detail of the modeling, such as the delicacy of the faces, the postures in movement and the drapery in the sculpture of the figurine. Quality can also be seen in the way the santon has been painted, for decoration is a fine art that translates the finesse of the eyes and the beautiful expression in the faces, as well as the diversity of colors that are the fruit of elaborate blends by the painters. Patterns on garments are also a guarantee of meticulous workmanship and quality. These points are essential to the style of a santonnier, as has been the case at La Maison Fouque since 1934.
• Tips for creating an authentic atmosphere in your crib: To create an authentic atmosphere in your crib, you can add decorative elements reminiscent of life in Palestine at the time of Jesus, or a more Provencal atmosphere based on the play “La Pastorale Maurel”, which depicts the birth of Jesus in Provence! You can add decorative elements such as stone houses, animals, fountains, windmills and more. Decorative elements made of wood or clay are particularly suitable for creating an authentic atmosphere. Don't forget that you can also mix different sizes of santons, putting the larger ones in front and the smaller ones at the back, to give your crib depth and the idea of perspective.
• Mistakes to avoid for a successful crib: To avoid common mistakes in creating a Christmas crib, avoid overloading your crib with too many decorative elements. It's important to keep things simple, to allow the different elements of the crib to stand out. Also avoid mixing different styles of santons, as this can detract from the crib's harmony. And group the santons into scenes with the same theme (e.g.: hay, vines, lavender, trades, shepherds). In this way, you can position the santons in groups of 2 or 3 around the same theme. If you'd like to create your own Christmas crib, follow the tips and tricks presented in this article to create an authentic and successful atmosphere. And don't forget that the Christmas crib is an important tradition that can be personalized to suit your tastes and desires, because the ultimate goal is to enjoy and share the pleasure of making the crib as a family or presenting it to loved ones at Christmas time.

On our online store www.santons-fouque.fr you'll find top-quality creations for a unique Christmas crib! Happy Holidays!

Choose the right location for your crib

The location of your Christmas crib must be taken into account to ensure the safety and visibility of your decoration. Choose a location that will show off the nativity scene and create a warm atmosphere. First of all, make sure the chosen location is safe and suitable for the nativity scene. Avoid places where the crib could easily be knocked over, or where it could pose a danger to children or pets. Choose a conspicuous spot that will allow your nativity scene to take on its full dimension. Finally, don't place your crib in areas that are too exposed to direct sunlight or heat sources such as radiators. These elements could damage the crib.

Choose the right lights for your crib

The choice of lights is essential to create a magical atmosphere around your Christmas crib. Lights should be selected according to the style of crib you wish to create, but also to the safety and aesthetics of the crib. Here are a few tips for choosing the right lights:

• Opt for soft, warm lights. String lights or LED candles are ideal for this. Avoid flashing or overly bright lights, which can be harsh on the eyes.
• Consider using colored lights to create a festive atmosphere. You can use strings of lights in different colors to illuminate your crib, or use LED candles in different shades.
• Avoid traditional candles, which can be a fire hazard, and opt instead for safer LED candles. And make sure the lights you choose comply with safety standards.

Position lights strategically

Position the lights so that they highlight the most important elements of the nativity scene, such as the baby Jesus, Mary and Joseph. You can also use lights to highlight the animals in the crib, such as the donkey or the ox. Next, create a play of light and shadow by placing the lights behind certain elements of the crib, such as the various characters like the wise men. This will give relief to your crib and create a warmer atmosphere. Use spotlights to highlight several of the crib's decorative elements, such as the star guiding the magi or the grotto housing Jesus. This will draw the eye and add magic to your decoration. Finally, make sure that electrical cables are well concealed so as not to spoil the aesthetics of the crib. You can use cable covers or hide them behind decorative elements.

Use accessories to create a warm atmosphere

In addition to lights, accessories can help create a warm, friendly atmosphere around your Christmas crib. Here are a few ideas for accessories:

• Add decorative elements such as fir branches, pine cones or baubles to give your crib a more festive look. These elements can be arranged around the crib or hung nearby.
• Use strings of lights to illuminate elements of the décor: the roof of the stable or the grotto where the baby Jesus lies.

Finally, don't forget to harmonize colors and decorative elements with the nativity scene to create a coherent, harmonious style. By choosing the right location for your crib, the right lights, positioning them strategically and using accessories to create a convivial atmosphere, you can make your Christmas crib a real work of art. Don't forget to comply with safety standards to avoid any risk of fire, and to conceal electrical cables for impeccable aesthetics. But before the lighting, the choice of santons is essential! The finest santons from Provence can be found in our Santons Fouque boutique. Treat yourself to authentic, high-quality santons to embellish your Christmas crib and give it an even more magical dimension. Merry Christmas to all!

When it comes to creating a nativity scene, whether for religious or cultural reasons, you always want it to be aesthetically pleasing. As each santon is more beautiful than the next, it's easy to get lost and even forget the most important ones. Here's a reminder of the santons you shouldn't forget in your crib.

The santons of the Holy Family

The santons of the Holy Family are an essential part of the nativity scene. They include Mary, Joseph and Jesus. Mary is usually depicted with her hands clasped, close to her child. Joseph is frequently leaning on a stick. The baby Jesus is in their midst, lying on a bed of straw.

The angel

Often forgotten in the crib, the angel is nevertheless one of the most important figures. In the Bible, the angel announces the birth of Christ to the shepherds. He therefore plays an important role in the Nativity scene. The angel santon is often depicted blowing a trumpet. He announces the happy event to the people around him and guides them to the stable. He is often suspended above the crib.

The shepherds

Contrary to popular belief, the shepherds are also among the main figures. In fact, they are the first to be warned by the angel of Jesus' birth. Shepherds are usually accompanied by sheep in the crib. Guided by the angel's trumpet, they symbolize wisdom and the elders. The shepherds' santons are depicted either standing or lying down, and sometimes with a lamb around their necks. The House of Fouque's emblem is a shepherd created by Paul Fouque in 1952, who holds his hat and whose cape flies in the wind, “le Coup de Mistral©”, whose production is more complex and which revolutionized the art of santon by bringing this idea of movement to it.

The mage King

Epiphany isn't just about gourmet delights, with the galette des Rois! It traditionally symbolizes the arrival of the Three Wise Men to the newborn Jesus. According to the Bible, the santons Gaspard, Melchior and Balthazar are Persian scholars who come to offer gifts to Christ. Gaspard brings frankincense, Balthazar offers gold and Melchior gives myrrh. They are positioned slightly apart to symbolize the fact that they are on the move. They are not positioned near the crib until January 6, the day of the Epiphany.

The donkey and the ox

Donkeys and oxen are the subject of much debate in Christian tradition. They are not mentioned in the Bible. Whether or not they are the main santons is therefore debatable. However, in most representations, these two symbolic animals are present around the Jesus figure. Their presence is taken from the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew.

What about the other santons?

In addition to these main figures in the traditional crib, there are many other characters and animals you can add to bring your crib to life! Here are just a few of them.
The Ravi is one of Provence's best-known characters. He symbolizes innocence and bravery, but he's also a santon known for his naivety and simplicity. Some would even call him “the village idiot” or, on a more positive note, “the village good-luck charm”.
The blind man leaning on his son's shoulder is another traditional santon common in Provence. This santon is represented by an old man with gray hair, a beard and a cane. His son holds a hat in his hand. Legend has it that the blind man is hoping for a miracle from the infant Jesus, so that he can regain his sight.
The bohemians, or boumian and boumiane in Provençal, are controversial figures in the nativity scene. They are the only ones considered “wicked”. Their knowledge and practices are disturbing and frightening. They are dressed in brightly-colored clothes, a large black cape and a red scarf on their heads. A knife hangs from the boumian's belt. The boumiane carries a tambourine and her child on her hip.
The Pistachier is a farm hand. In some respects, he resembles the Ravi. He is considered rather naive and sometimes even drunk. He brings victuals to the crib. He is often depicted wearing a slovenly outfit and carrying a seal.

In addition to the essential santons of the Virgin Mary, Joseph, baby Jesus, the donkey, the ox, the angel Gabriel and the 3 Wise Men (Melchior, Balthazar and Gaspard), there are many other lesser-known santons that can enrich your crib and make it stand out from the rest. Here are 10 examples.

#1 - The Ravi

The Ravi is a very important santon in Provence. Less well known in the rest of France, this unusual character is characterized by simplicity, joie de vivre and naiveté. Amazed by the birth of Jesus, the Ravi can only express his joy because he has nothing to offer. Modest, this character is usually depicted in simple, unpretentious or even negligee attire. He is also frequently seen with his arms raised to the sky, to further express his joy. He is often placed as close as possible to the crib.

#2 - Le Pistachio

The Pistachié and the Ravi are two characters we often confuse. In fact, like the latter, the Pistachier is often depicted wearing simple, inelegant clothes. What's more, he too is portrayed as being rather naïve by nature. However, unlike the Ravi, this character is not short of money, but spends lavishly on alcohol and dissolute morals. For the birth of Jesus, the Pistachio Tree is generous, offering a basket full of victuals.

#3 - Le Mayor

The mayor is an often-forgotten santon, yet one with an important role to play. It is his role to make Jesus' birth official by registering him with the civil registry. This very elegant santon is usually dressed in fine clothes and a tricolor scarf. He is also frequently seen wearing a top hat.

#4 - The parish priest

The priest's santon appears completely overwhelmed by the birth of Jesus. He can't believe it, and shows his amazement by holding his hat and raising his head slightly to the sky. Dressed in a priest's cassock, he is often depicted as rather paunchy and bald.

#5 - The monk

The monk is a very important santon in the crib. He represents Saint Francis of Assisi. This man is of particular importance in the history of santons. In 1223, he is said to have created the first living nativity scenes, which in turn gave rise to miniature nativity scenes with santons. The monk's santon is usually depicted in his habit. St. Francis of Assisi is the patron saint of santon makers.

#6 - Le drummer

Nicknamed Guillaume, the santon drummer is the one who animates the Christmas crib with his musical instruments. His vocation is to make the birth of Jesus festive. The tambourinaire is dressed in a vest and pants held together by a red cloth belt. He often wears a hat, not to mention his famous tambourine and galoubet.

#7 - The old man and the old woman

The old man and old woman, also known as Grasset and Grassette, are the village doyens. They are sometimes depicted seated on a bench, sometimes standing, holding each other's arms. Grasset Grassette are richly dressed figures: she with an embroidered shawl, he with a red scarf tied into a cravat and an umbrella.

#8 - Mr Jourdan and the Margarido

Monsieur Jourdan and his wife, La Margarido, are middle-class people with contrasting characters: he's gentle and sympathetic, while she tends to be short-tempered and unkind. They are an elegant-looking couple who bring Little Jesus a basket of victuals.

#9 - The blind man and his son

The blind man and his son are well-known santons in Provence. The blind man has lost his sight through mourning the loss of his eldest son, and sets off with his youngest son to visit Jesus in the hope of being helped. The blind man is usually depicted as elderly, with a beard and gray hair. His son holds a hat in his hand, symbolizing the respect he has for his father.

#10 - The bohemians

Last but not least, bohemians are characters who both fascinate and frighten with their different lifestyles. Criss-crossing villages in their caravans, they are simply passing through and asking for hospitality. They are dressed in brightly colored clothes. The bohemian carries a knife on his belt, and the gypsy woman carries a tambourine in her hand. She is also accompanied by her baby.

While the Christmas crib is a Christian tradition celebrating the birth of Jesus, its presence in our homes has a different meaning for everyone. Believers see it as a symbol of their faith and a reminder of the Christian origins of Christmas, while non-believers or non-practitioners see it more as an element of decoration and tradition. For the latter, it's all the more important to create a nativity scene that appeals to them. Today, the modern Provençal crib is the new trend.

Tips for a successful modern Provencal crib

The Provençal crib has a very long history, appearing in this region of France in the early 17th century. But despite its long history, that doesn't mean it can't be modernized. Here are a few tips on how to create a modern Provencal crib.

Opt for a simple crib décor

There are a number of possibilities when it comes to crib decorations for santons. For a modern crib, it's advisable to choose a simple, unadorned model. In fact, some choose to do away with the crib decoration altogether, leaving only the Nativity figures.

Choose a minimalist decor

Simplicity and minimalism are the watchwords for a successful modern Provencal crib. Forget the Provencal nativity scene, which is packed with all kinds of decorative elements. It's better to settle for a stable with the main santons.

Play with lights

For many, Christmas is also about the magic of lights. It's not just the tree that can be adorned with lights. You can also highlight your santons with small LED string lights that will give your crib a modern look and show off your santons to their best advantage.

Choose santons that are out of the ordinary

In addition to the Nativity figures, to create a modern Provencal crib, you can add characters that are out of the ordinary and that could well evolve in our modern society. These might include a lawyer, an SNSM lifeguard, a Marseille fireman, a young fireman, scouts, gadz'arts, nostradamus or a schoolmaster. All these trades, institutions and schools could have witnessed the birth of Jesus in our own time. Replacing the traditional trades of the time, they bring a modern, quirky and singular touch to the Provencal crib.

Playing with compositions

The Provencal crib is traditionally composed of materials such as wood, plaster and, above all, terracotta (clay). However, the possibilities are vast and there's nothing to stop you combining porcelain, plastic, glass or even metal to give your crib a modern look.

Play with dimensions

As you know, there are many possibilities in terms of the dimensions of your santons. Extremes are very much in vogue these days, with miniature santons ranging from 2 to 4 centimetres, and giant santons topping 25 centimetres. The perfect way to set yourself apart from traditional nativity scenes.

How do you choose your santons and what criteria should you take into account?

For many people, choosing a crib figure is a matter of love and aesthetics. However, beyond letting your desires speak for themselves, it's important to take certain criteria into account to avoid making a mistake and ensure the success of your crib. Here are a few tips to help you do just that.

Don't forget the main santons

There are a great many santons representing a wide range of characters, trades and animals. Among them, it would be easy to forget the main ones. So here's a reminder: the santons of the Holy Family, including Jesus, Mary and Joseph, are indispensable in the crib. The angel is also one of the main santons not to be forgotten. The shepherds and the Three Wise Men should also take pride of place in the stable. Finally, the donkey and the ox are also very often present, although there is some debate as to whether they are among the main santons.

Choosing the right size santons

More than you might think, the size of the figures is also a very important consideration. Depending on the space available and the size of your crib, you'll need to opt for figures of varying sizes. Traditional santons range in size from 6 to 9 centimetres. These are the most popular and commercialized. However, there are also miniature santons (flea santons) generally 2 centimetres or less in size, and giant santons over 20 centimetres. Some even reach 170 or 200 centimeters. The latter are generally chosen for display in the streets of certain towns or villages, or in churches, and are often made of plaster rather than clay. The size of the santons you choose will depend not only on the space available, but also on whether you wish to create a discreet or spectacular nativity scene.

Choosing santons to match the style of your crib

Depending on whether you want a classic or modern crib, the choice of santons will differ. Modern cribs are generally much more minimalist and uncluttered. The most important santons are chosen, and that's it. Their dimensions are often reduced for greater discretion.

Choosing authentic santons

There are a multitude of santons to choose from, but not all are made in the traditional way. Traditional santons are made by hand from clay. The first clue to recognizing a genuine santon de Provence is its weight. Clay is heavier than plastic or resin. Another unmistakable element is the stamp inlayed in the clay mentioning the manufacturer's workshop, which will enable you to find the company and even visit it to be sure that the santon is handmade in Provence.

Some manufacturers' labels can also give you assurance of the authenticity of the santons. These include “Meilleur Ouvrier de France”, “Ateliers d'Art de France”, “Métiers d'Art Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur” and “Entreprise du Patrimoine vivant”.

Buy Santons at the right price <h/3>

The success of santons not only in France, but also internationally, has led some sellers to inflate the price of these figurines. A 6 or 7-centimeter santon costs an average of 14 euros, compared with 6 euros for single animals from the same collection.

What is the santonnier trade?

Have you always admired these little clay crib figures? Are you fascinated by the multitude of details that each santon displays? The santon maker's craft requires great patience and unique know-how.

This craftsman spends his days sculpting the many Provencal figurines that adorn Christmas cribs. Starting with a block of clay, he will model and sculpt a 1st model, which he will sacrifice to make a mother mold, which he also makes himself using plaster. He then produces each santon by loading the molds with clay, ensuring that the material takes on the desired shape. He then demolds the clay, which has taken on a human form, and makes various touch-ups by hand. The santons are left to dry in the open air for several days, then trimmed and smoothed by hand, before being fired in a kiln at 990 degrees for 24 hours.

After firing, the real work begins: painting each figurine to the finest detail and without burrs. Using a fine brush and acrylic paint, the santon-maker successively paints the face, hands, hair, clothes, accessories and finally the base. Some accessories, such as fruit or jars, can be varnished to give them a shine. The art of santon-making respects the habits and customs of the period, with modeling and decoration reproducing in miniature the traditional costumes of the 19th century.

The santon-maker's craft requires the utmost patience and meticulousness. As mentioned above, there are approximately 150 santonniers in France. These are logically concentrated in Provence, where the tradition lives on, around Marseille, Aix-en-Provence and Aubagne. Some 120 very small family businesses produce the santons that many French and foreign visitors come to admire and buy every year.

What opportunities are there for santon makers in France?

The craft trades are attracting more and more vocations. Many young people want to maintain and perpetuate French know-how. Until a few years ago, the santon-making profession was difficult to promote, due to its fragmentation. What's more, santon makers have traditionally relied on direct sales without intermediaries, thus limiting opportunities to increase sales. Nevertheless, this practice is gradually becoming more modern, thanks to the diversification of its sales channels.

Mainly sold at Christmas time, santons are also sold throughout the year. Indeed, in addition to being representations of the traditional nativity scene, for many tourists they are also a souvenir of the region and a decorative object to keep as a souvenir of their trip or as a gift for their loved ones. Santons are also exported to several countries around the world, including the USA, Switzerland, Benelux and Germany. The online store makes the purchase of santons accessible to as many people as possible.

Given the growing interest in santons both in France and abroad, we can only hope that the santon-making profession will continue to develop and attract new vocations among future generations.

Becoming a santonnier in France: what training is available?

If you want to become a santonnier, you have to think outside the box. In fact, there's no set path to get there. Traditional schools and training courses are non-existent. Most of the time, new recruits are trained by family businesses in the area. You can, however, take a ceramics diploma course to learn the basics of the santon-making trade. There are also a number of workshops offering introductory courses in clay and santon making. This can be the first step towards this unique craft.

The size of santons, a question of detail

Beyond the fact that, depending on their size, the santons take up more or less space, their size is also a question of detail. Indeed, when santons are between 2 and 4 centimetres in size (also known as chip santons for the 2 cm ones), the details are not very visible, and it's hard to make out facial features, folds of clothing or even small accessories.

Santons measuring between 7 and 9 centimetres are the original figurines. In fact, they are the most popular and best-selling figurines. These slightly larger dimensions reveal more detail. Facial features, eyes, mouth and nose are more clearly visible. Clothes are better worked and small accessories are easier to insert.

The next size up for santons is between 10 and 15 centimetres. The details are even more pronounced, and the accessories more voluminous. In addition to the traditional faggots associated with santons measuring 7 to 9 centimetres, you'll see baskets, lanterns and bouquets of lavender.

From 20 centimeters upwards, the santons are truly impressive, not only for their size, but also for their realism. There's a wealth of detail, and the santon-maker's detailed modeling further enhances this impression of truth (the finesse of the faces, the draping of the clay garments and the postures of the models), helping to truly recreate scenes from life.

What criteria should I take into account when choosing the size of my santons ?

Choosing the right size for your figurines also means taking into account a number of criteria, some of which are illustrated below.

Choosing the right santon size for the space available

It may seem logical, but it's easy to fall in love with a giant santon in your 18 square meters. It's important to think about the surface area you have available in order to choose the right santon size. In a very small space, 4 cm chip or collection santons seem to be the best choice. They fit easily into small cribs. They're also the best choice for those who want a discreet crib.

On the other hand, in a large home or public place such as a church, shopping mall, etc., giant santons measuring over 13 or 20 centimeters are best suited. Visible from afar, they draw the eye with their realism and abundance of detail.

Choosing the right santon size for the crib décor

Unless you're making your crib to fit your santons, you'll also need to take into account the dimensions of the stable when choosing the size of the santons. Indeed, it would be a shame to opt for flea santons that wouldn't fit in a huge crib and, conversely, to choose giant santons in a stable that isn't big enough to accommodate them.

Choosing the right santon size for the desired perspective

If you're thinking big and decide to make a large crib with perspective, then you'll need to choose several sizes of figures. Figurines, objects and buildings, with the larger ones in the foreground and the smaller ones in the background to give a sense of distance. Be careful, however, to create several levels so that the larger figures don't obscure the smaller ones in the background.

Choosing the right santon size for your needs

And, of course, it's essential to give free rein to your imagination and your desires. The Christmas season is also a time for indulging in the santon(s) that we find most beautiful and most appealing.

The origins of the Christmas crib

To understand the precise origins of the Christmas crib, we first need to know the meaning of the word, which comes from the Latin cripia, meaning “manger for animals”. In the Bible, it therefore refers to the place where Jesus was born.

From the 6th century onwards, Christians began to celebrate the birth of their Saviour, Jesus. To honor him, they decided to represent him in the form of a statute accompanied by the Virgin Mary, Joseph, the donkey and the ox. According to legend, the first living crib was invented by Francis of Assisi near Rome in the 13th century. The figures in the crib were embodied by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages. The custom then spread to northern Italy and Provence.

It was only much later, three centuries after the invention of the living nativity scene, that miniature nativity scenes began to appear. They can be seen, for example, in churches in Prague under the Jesuit order. Finally, at the end of the XIXᵉ century, santons de Provence appeared. These clay figurines represent all the characters in the crib, from those of the Nativity to all the trades of the time and animals.

During the French Revolution, nativity scenes were banned in towns and cities, and it was then that private individuals began to install them in the privacy of their own homes. At that time, santons were very much in evidence in the home, and for many people, they represented a testimony to their Christianity, or even a form of resistance in the face of prohibitions.

The Christmas crib today

While nativity scenes are still very much a part of our homes at Christmas time, their meaning is, for many, no longer quite the same. We could even go so far as to say that cribs are no longer necessarily religious. Democratized over the years, the meaning of its installation has changed. This change in consideration of the crib is illustrated by the debates that can arise in the public arena. Every year, the question of whether or not a crèche can be installed in a town hall or regional building is debated. However, the 1905 law on secularism should exclude it from this debate. The fact that the subject exists at all demonstrates that the religious dimension of the crèche is no longer so obvious.

While for many believers, the crib remains a strong religious symbol, for many non-believers or non-practitioners, making a crib is more a cultural practice than a religious one. It's also common to see it, like the Christmas tree, as a decorative object that adds an extra touch to the festive atmosphere. Indeed, in some families, the nativity scene is handed down from generation to generation. As a matter of tradition, some families continue to put it up every year, without making it an object of piety. Whether as a cultural or religious practice, the nativity scene has a different interpretation for each person, but it retains one of its primary vocations: to bring people together and fill them with wonder.

A simple Christmas decoration for some, a symbol of their faith for others, the crib has definitely conquered our homes, and this tradition is not about to disappear.

The essential characters of a Christmas crib

To choose the right gift, first consider the person you're giving it to. Is it a relative, friend or acquaintance? Does she already have a crib to install? Does he or she have the space to install a large crib, or should you turn to smaller models for a smaller space?

If you want to hit the nail on the head every time, opt for the essential characters of the traditional Christmas crib.

Choose from the baby Jesus, Joseph and Mary, the donkey and the ox, the Three Wise Men and the angel.

The Christ Child

The central figure in a traditional crib It's a great gift idea for someone just starting out with a crib, as well as for an enthusiast.

The santon representing the infant Jesus in his panier is often one of the smallest pieces in a nativity scene. It is not uncommon for it to be lost, stolen or broken by a child at Christmas time.

What's more, offering the Baby Jesus santon encompasses the whole symbolism of the Christmas crib. It's a good idea for someone who wants to start a traditional crib before the holidays. Of course, there's nothing to stop you offering several.

Joseph and Mary

The Boufarèu angel

He plays a leading role. He can be recognized by his puffy cheeks and trumpet. The angel Boufarèu is the one who warns the shepherds of the birth of baby Jesus. He then guides them to the stable where the child is with Mary, Joseph, the donkey, the ox and the three Magi. He's also known as the angel blower. Traditionally, he sits above the stable, watching over the baby Jesus and the other figures.

The shepherds

These are also characters from the Bible. They are the first to arrive at the nativity scene. You'll find a wide range of shepherd figures. Some carry a sheep in their arms, while others have hats, capes or even a dog at their feet. One of the most famous is the “coup de mistral” by Maison Fouque. It shows a shepherd heading towards the stable where the baby Jesus is lying, his cape blowing in the wind. He holds on to his hat so as not to lose it. A unique creation by Paul Fouque, it has been a must-have since 1952.

The Pistachié

In fact, he's a farmhand. The, or Lou Pistachié in Provençal, is a traditional Provençal nativity scene character. He's considered a little naive, even foolish. His nickname comes from the pistachio tree, which produces pistachios, considered an aphrodisiac at the time. The pistachio tree has quite a reputation. He's said to be a womanizer, lazy, a drinker and a coward! He earns his place in the crib thanks to his great generosity. He brings a big basket full of food to celebrate the birth of the baby Jesus.

The ravi

You've probably heard the old-fashioned expression: the crib kid. It's not very flattering, and usually refers to someone who's a bit of a ninny, or considered the village idiot. The ravi is a character inseparable from the traditional Provencal crib. He's an inhabitant who has no gift for the arrival of the baby Jesus, but who sincerely expresses his joy by raising his arms. He brings good cheer to a Christmas crib, and is even said to bring good luck!

The drummer

As the name suggests, the drummer is a musician. He not only beats a drum, but also carries a galoubet, a kind of long flute. It's often an essential part of the Provencal crib. He can also be nicknamed Guillaume, and leads the farandole. In fact, he's a notable. He's dressed in a fine black velvet jacket, white shirt and vest. The tambourine-player is usually accompanied by several characters who form the farandole.

The Arlésienne

This is a character from the Pastorale. The Arlésienne is usually accompanied by a herdsman riding, traditionally on horseback. She may be young or old, but she's always very elegant and dressed in her Arles costume.

All these characters and more bring the Provencal crib to life. It's an age-old tradition that we're delighted to see again every year at Christmas time.

Discover santons de Provence at Christmas fairs and markets

This is without doubt the place where you'll find the most santons: the santon fairs! Devoted entirely to the craftsmanship and work of santon makers, these fairs are the perfect place to unearth rare and original pieces. You can also discover the work of santon craftsmen in a festive and convivial atmosphere.

Santon fairs abound in December in towns and villages across the South of France. The town of Aix-en-Provence even organizes its own santon fair, created by Paul Fouque in 1934. It's the famous Foire aux Santons, where you'll find exhibits by local santon makers.

It's also possible to find santons from Provence at Christmas markets. Of course, this will depend on your local artisans and the commune in which the Christmas market is held.

Find santons of Provence in specialized stores

If you're looking to add to your collection in time for the festive season, or would like to give a santon as a gift, it might be a good idea to go directly to the boutique.

The Santons Fouque boutique is open all year round. Not only can you find famous models such as the famous “Berger, Coup de Mistral”, but you can also visit the Maison Fouque workshops and exhibition area. A great opportunity to learn more about the history of santons and the meticulous work of santon craftsmen.

Buy santons of Provence online

Can't make it to the South of France to buy santons? There's still one solution: buy them online. Yes, but not just anywhere, of course. If you want genuine santons from Provence, avoid at all costs the big platforms that sell everything and its opposite, otherwise you'll end up with figurines that have nothing to do with the originals.

Choose big names and recognized craftsmen. That's why we've created our online boutique, where all Fouque figurine models are just a click away. Perfect for easily adding to a collection or starting a traditional crib before Christmas.

So you can take advantage of our renowned quality all year round, online. Les santons Fouque take as much care in making their santons de Provence as they do in sending them. They are delicately packaged to arrive safely at their destination.

So you can order without worry, with the guarantee that your santons will have their rightful place in your crib this Christmas.

So now you know where to find your santons de Provence, whether you want to add to a collection you've already started, complete a crib that's missing some important characters, or even offer a unique and original gift, you'll have no shortage of ideas for where to find them!

Which santons should be in a crib?

If you want to create a traditional nativity scene, you'll need to incorporate 9 characters. The aim is to create a faithful representation of the nativity with the essential protagonists. You'll need to include the following santons in your nativity scene:

• The Virgin Mary
• Joseph
• The little Jesus
• The donkey
• The beef
• The angel Gabriel
• The 3 kings mage : Melchior, Balthazar et Gaspard

However, there's nothing to stop you adding new characters and decorations to your nativity scene. In the Provençal crib, for example, the whole village and its inhabitants come to offer gifts to the newborn child. Even if the nativity scene is above all based on tradition, there's nothing blasphemous about letting your creativity express itself. On the contrary, it will delight young and old alike.

So let your imagination run wild and vary the themes, characters and even decorations from year to year to create even more surprises and wonder for your guests.

The only rule to respect is to have these 9 essential characters at the center of your crib. But if you really want to respect tradition down to the smallest detail, you'll also need to place them in the right places.

How to organize your santons?

Of course, this will depend on your painting and whether or not you want to create a traditional nativity scene. To best respect tradition, you'll need to place your santons in a certain way.

First, you'll need to place the Virgin Mary santon with the donkey santon. It was on this donkey that the Virgin Mary arrived in Bethlehem.

The santon representing Joseph is traditionally placed next to the ox.

In the middle, you'll need to leave an empty space or straw basket for baby Jesus, who doesn't normally appear in the crib until midnight on December 24.

The angel Gabriel, meanwhile, should be placed overhead to proclaim the good news.

As for the Three Wise Men, they should be placed further back. Day after day, you'll need to bring them closer to the baby Jesus. On January 6, the day of the Epiphany, they'll take center stage!

You can use the traditional layout and then add your own dough. All the shepherds, villagers, artisans and animals you add to the scene should give the impression of moving towards Baby Jesus.

For a more elaborate nativity scene, where an entire village seems to be gathering, remember that you'll need more time and space too, but the result will be well worth the effort!

How much does a santon cost on average?

Prices vary according to model and size. Count on average €13 for 6/7 cm santons, €17 for 9 cm santons, between €60 and €100 for 13 cm santons and from €118 to €320 for large santons.

What's the right size for a santon? Santons come in a variety of sizes. Our santons range from 2 cm (flea santons) to 30 cm! To choose the right size, you'll need to define your needs. Are you short on space? Do you want a very realistic scene? Do you want a lot of characters? Ask yourself these questions before choosing the size of your figures!

But above all, stay consistent and respect proportions as much as possible. In short, don't juxtapose a 4 cm santon with a 20 cm one! On the contrary, play with the different sizes to create effects of depth and perspective, for example, by placing the smaller ones, which won't be very detailed, in the background, and the larger ones in the foreground.

The most traditional santons are between 7 and 9 cm. They are quite detailed and can create beautiful pictures. Santons measuring 20 cm or more are highly realistic and can be used to create breathtaking scenes.

To whom and when to give santons ?

Traditionally, the nativity scene is installed on the first Sunday of Advent. Ideally, you should offer a santon beforehand. But there's no rule that says you can't give a santon specifically for Christmas, so that you can enjoy it next year. Santons can also be given as gifts for Baptisms, Communions, births or weddings. Or simply as a souvenir of a visit to Provence!

Who should you give them to? Although santons are associated with Christianity and religion, they appeal to everyone! There are many collectors around the world who are fans of santons de Provence. So you can give them to your friends, parents, grandparents and even your children to create a Christmas crib together!

Le ravi: who is this figure in the crib and what is his story?

The history of ravi

You may have heard the expression: “the crib kid”. Unflattering, it refers to a person who is naive, not very resourceful and generally not very intelligent. However, you may not know the story behind this expression, which borrows its origins from that of the santon in the crib.

This simple-minded character was created in the tradition of Provencal nativity scenes. It's a kind of “village idiot” for the most pejorative, but also evokes a character who marvels at everything, and especially at the birth of Jesus.

There's a certain philosophical dimension to this santon. Indeed, while we may be endowed with great intelligence, it doesn't spare us the hassle of constantly wondering about the purpose of life or how to leave our mark on Earth. These questions, however erudite they may be, don't usually bring happiness to the person who ponders them. The rapturous, on the other hand, is far from imagining such scenarios, and is content with the present moment. By rejoicing in every moment, they seem happy to be alive and unconcerned by everyday worries.

A modest character, he nonetheless plays an important role in the village, taking on odd jobs of various kinds. Dressed simply, he brings joy to those around him and follows the path of happiness through simplicity.

Representing the ravi

The ravi is a character most often depicted in simple clothes, with a cap on his head and his arms in the air to emphasize his delight and immense joy at the birth of Jesus. Unlike the Magi, the ravi has no means of offering anything to celebrate the birth, but simply conveys his happiness at being there.

Not to be confused with the pistachio character

The character of the ravi is commonly confused with the pistachio santon, which has a very distinct role and history. The main reason for confusing the pistachié with the ravi is that both are not characterized by their good looks - quite the contrary. On the other hand, if their grooming is unflattering, the reasons are not the same. The pistachié is not lacking in means, unlike the ravi, but leads a disorderly life marred by alcohol and dissolute morals. Like the ravi, however, he too is described as naive by nature. When Jesus is born, he is generous and offers up his hunting plunder.